Online Support Groups & Self-Help

Aardoom, J. J., Dingemans, A. E., Boogaard, L. H., & Van Furth, E. F. (2014). Internet and patient empowerment in individuals with symptoms of an eating disorder: A cross-sectional investigation of a pro-recovery focused e-community. Eating Behaviors, 15, 350-356.

Adams-Price, C. E., & Chandler, S. (2000). The star fleet ladies auxiliary: Evolution of an online women’s mailing list. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3, 811-816.

Adler, C. L., & Zarchin, Y. R. (2002). The “virtual focus group”: Using the Internet to reach pregnant women on home bed rest. Journal of Obstetric, Gyneocologic and Neonatal Nursing, 31, 418-427.

Aho, A. L., Paavilainen, E., & Kaunonen, M. (2012). Mothers’ experiences of peer support via an Internet discussion forum after the death of a child. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 26, 417-426.

Aiken, M., & Waller, B. (2000). Flaming among first-time group support system users. Information & Management, 37, 95-100.

Alexander, S. C., Peterson, J. L., & Hollingshead, A. B. (2003). Help is at your keyboard: Support groups on the Internet. In L. R. Frey (Ed.), Group communication in context: Studies of bona fide groups (pp. 309-334). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Alpers, G. W., Winzelberg, A. J., Classen, C., Roberts, H., Dev, P., Koopman, C., & Taylor, C. B. (2005). Evaluation of computerized text analysis in an Internet breast cancer support group. Computers in Human Behavior, 21, 361-376.

Anderberg, P. (2007). Peer assistance for personal assistance: Analysis of online discussions about personal assistance from a Swedish Web forum for disabled people. Disability & Society, 22, 251-265.

Andersson, G., Bergström, J., Buhrman, M., Carlbring, P., Holländare, F., Kaldo, V., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Paxling, B., Strom, L., & Waara, J. (2008). Development of a new approach to guided self-help via the Internet: The Swedish experience. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26, 161-181.

Attard, A., & Coulson, N. S. (2012). A thematic analysis of patient communication in Parkinson’s disease online support group discussion forums. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 500-506.

Baams, L., Jonas, K. J., Utz, S., Bos, H. M. W., & van der Vuurst, L. (2011). Internet use and online social support among same sex attracted individuals of different ages. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1820-1827.

Bacon, E. S., Condon, E. H., & Frensler, J. I. (2000). Young widows’ experience with an Internet self-help group. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 38 (7), 24-33.

Balkhi, A. M., Reid, A. M., McNamara, J. P., & Geffken, G. R. (2013). The diabetes online community: The importance of forum use in parents of children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes, 15, 408–415.

Bane, C. M. H., Haymaker, C. M. B., & Zinchuk, J. (2005). Social support as a moderator of the big-fish-in-a-little-pond effect in online self-help support groups. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 10, 239-261.

Barak, A. (1999). Psychological applications on the Internet: A discipline on the threshold of a new millennium. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8, 231-246.

Barak, A. (2007). Emotional support and suicide prevention through the Internet: A field project report. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 971-984.

Barak, A. (2010). The psychological role of the Internet in mass disasters: Past evidence and future planning. In A. Brunet, A. R. Ashbaugh, & C. F. Herbert (Eds.), Internet use in the aftermath of trauma (pp. 23-44). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press.

Barak, A., Boneh, O., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2010). Factors underlying participants' gains in online support groups. In A. Blachnio, A. Przepiorka, & T. Rowiński (Eds.), Internet in psychological research (pp. 17-38). Warsaw, Poland: Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Press.

Barak, A., & Boniel-Nissim, M. (2010). Using forums to enhance client peer support. In K. Anthony, D. A. N. Nagel, & S. Goss (Eds.), The use of technology in mental health applications ethics and practice (pp. 47-55). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.

Barak, A., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Suler, J. (2008). Fostering empowerment in online support groups. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1867-1883.

Barak, A., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2006). Does activity level in online support groups for distressed adolescents determine emotional relief. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 6, 186-190.

Barker, K. K. (2008). Electronic support groups, patient-consumers, and medicalization: The case of contested illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 49, 20-36.

Bar-Lev, S. (2008). "We are here to give you emotional support": Performing emotions in an online HIV/AIDS support group. Qualitative Health Research, 18, 509-521.

Bar-Lev, S. (2010). ‘Do you feel sorry for him?’: Gift relations in an HIV/AIDS on-line support forum. Health, 42, 147-161.

Barrera, M., Jr., Glasgow, R. E., McKay, H. G., Boles, S. M., & Feil, E. G. (2002). Do Internet-based support interventions change perceptions of social support? An experimental trial of approaches for supporting diabetes self-management. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 637-654.

Bartlett, Y. K., & Coulson, N. S. (2011). An investigation into the empowerment effects of using online support groups and how this affects health professional/patient communication. Patient Education and Counseling, 83, 113-119.

Bauer, R., Bauer, M., Spiessl, H., & Kagerbauer, T. (2013). Cyber-support: An analysis of online self-help forums (online self-help forums in bipolar disorder). Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 67, 185-190.

Beaudoin, C. E., & Tao, C. (2007). Benefiting from social capital in online support groups: An empirical study of cancer patients. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10, 587-590.

Beaudoin, C. E., & Tao, C.-C. (2008). Modeling the impact of online cancer resources on supporters of cancer patients. New Media & Society, 10, 321-344.

Becker, K. L. (2013). Cyberhugs: Creating a voice for chronic pain sufferers through technology. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 123-126.

Bell, R. A., Hu, X., Orrange, S. E., & Kravitz, R. L. (2011). Lingering questions  and doubts: Online information-seeking of support forum members  following their medical visits. Patient Education and Counseling, 85, 525-528.

Bellafiore, D. R., Colòn, Y., & Rosenberg, P. (2004). Online counseling groups. In R. Kraus, J. Zack & G. Stricker (Eds.), Online counseling: A handbook for mental health professionals (pp. 197-216). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.

Bender, J. L., Jimenez-Marroquin, M. C., Ferris, L. E., Katz, J., & Jadad, A. R. (2013). Online communities for breast cancer survivors: A review and analysis of their characteristics and levels of use. Supportive Care in Cancer, 21, 1253-1263.

Bender, J. L., Katz, J., Ferris, L. E., & Jadad, A. R. (2013). What is the role of online support from the perspective of facilitators of face-to-face support groups? A multi-method study of the use of breast cancer online communities. Patient Education and Counseling, 93, 472-479.

Bennett, K., Reynolds, J., Christensen, H., & Griffiths, K. M. (2010). E-hub: An online self-help mental health service in the community. Medical Journal of Australia, 192, 48-52.

Berg, M., Adolfsson, A., Ranerup, A., & Sparud-Lundin, C. (2013). Person-centered web support to women with type I diabetes in pregnancy and early motherhood – The development process. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 15, 20-25.

Bewick, B. M., Trusler, K., Mulhern, B., Barkham, M., & Hill, A. J. (2008). The feasibility and effectiveness of a web-based personalised feedback and social norms alcohol intervention in UK university students: A randomised control trial. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 1192-1198.

Billings, D. W., Cook, R. F., Hendrickson, A., & Dove, D. C. (2008). A web-based approach to managing stress and mood disorders in the workforce. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50, 960-968.

Binford-Hopf, R. B., Grange, D. L., Moessner, M., & Bauer, S. (2013). Internet based chat support groups for parents in family-based treatment for adolescent eating disorders: A pilot study. European Eating Disorders Review, 21, 215-223

Blank, T. O., & Adams-Blodnieks, M. (2007). The who and the what of usage of two cancer online communities. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1249-1257.

Blank, T. O., Schmidt, S. D., Vangsness, S. A., Monteiro, A. K., & Santagata, P. V. (2010). Differences among breast and prostate cancer online support groups. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1400-1404.

Booker, S., Morris, M., & Johnson, A. (2008). Empowered to change: Evidence from a qualitative exploration of a user-informed psycho-educational programme for people with type 1 diabetes. Chronic Illness, 4, 41-53.

Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Baos, R. M., Quero, S., & Guillen, V. (2008). An Internet-based self-help program for the treatment of fear of public speaking: A case study. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26, 182-202.

Bowker, N. I., & Tuffin, K. (2007). Understanding positive subjectivities made possible online for disabled people. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 36, 63-71.

Bragadóttir, H. (2008). Computer-mediated support group intervention for parents. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40, 32-38.

Braithwaite, D. O.,Waldron, V. R., & Finn, J. (1999). Communication of social support in computer-mediated groups for people with disabilities. Health Communication, 11, 123-151.

Brennan, P. F., Moore, S. M., Bjornsdottir, G., Jones, J., Visovsky, C., & Rogers, M. (2001). HeartCare: An Internet-based information and support system for patient home recovery after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 35, 699-708.

Bresnahan, M. J., & Murray-Johnson, L. (2002). The healing web. Health Care for Women International, 23, 398-407.

Broom, A. (2005). The eMale: Prostate cancer, masculinity and online support as a challenge to medical expertise. Journal of Sociology, 41, 87-104.

Bruce, B., Lorig, K., Laurent, D., & Ritter, P. (2005). The impact of a moderated e-mail discussion group on use of complementary and alternative therapies in subjects with recurrent back pain. Patient Education and Counseling, 58, 305-311.

Buchanan, H., & Coulson, N. S. (2007). Accessing dental anxiety online support groups: An exploratory qualitative study of motives and experiences. Patient Education and Counseling, 66, 263-269.

Buchanan, R. J., Huang, C., & Crudden, A. (2012): Use of the Internet by informal caregivers assisting people with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 30, 72-93.

Buis, L. R. (2008). Emotional and informational support messages in an online hospice support community. Computers Informatics Nursing, 26, 358-367.

Buis, L. R., & Whitten, P. (2011). Comparison of social support content within online communities for high-and low-survival-rate cancers. Computers Informatics Nursing, 29, 461-467.

Bull, S. S., Gaglio, B., McKay, H. G., & Glasgow, R. E. (2005). Harnessing the potential of the Internet to promote chronic illness self-management: Diabetes as an example of how well we are doing. Chronic Illness, 1, 143-155.

Bunde, M., Suls, J., Martin, R., & Barnett, K. (2006). Hystersisters online: Social support and social comparison among hysterectomy patients on the Internet. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 271-278.

Bunde, M., Suls, J., R., Martin, & Barnett, K. (2007). Online hysterectomy support: Characteristics of website experiences. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10, 80-85.

Burns, J. M., Webb, M., Durkin, L. A., & Hickie, I. B. (2010). Reach out central: A serious game designed to engage young men to improve mental health and wellbeing. Medical Journal of Australia, 192, 27-30.

Burri, M., Baujard, V., & Etter, J.-F. (2006). A qualitative analysis of an Internet discussion forum for recent ex-smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research,  8, 13-19.

Bush, J. P., Huchital, J. R., & Simonian, S. J. (2002). An introduction to program and research initiatives of the STARBRIGHT foundation. Children Health Care, 31, 1-10.

Callejas-Rubio, J.-L., Rios-Fernandez, R., Barnosi-Marín, A.-C., Garcia-Hernandez, F.-J., Vargas-Hitos, J.-A., Camps-Garcia, M.-T., Gonzalez-Nieto, J.-A., Sanchez-Roman, J., Jimenez-Alonso, J., de Ramon Garrido, E., & Otego-Centeno, N. (2014). Health-related Internet use by lupus patients in southern Spain. Clinical Rheumatology, 33, 567-573.

Campbell, K. A., Coulson, N. S., & Buchanan, H. (2013). Empowering processes within prostate cancer online support groups. International Journal of Web Based Communities, 9, 51-66.

Campbell Eichhorn, K. (2008).  Soliciting and providing social support over the Internet: An investigation of online eating disorder support groups. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 67-78.

Campbell-Grossman, C. K., Brage Hudson, D., Keating-Lefler, R., & Heusinkvelt, S. (2009). New mothers network: The provision of social support to single, low-income, African American mothers via e-mail messages. Journal of Family Nursing, 15, 220-236.

Cantrell, M. A., & Conte, T. (2008). Enhancing hope among early female survivors of childhood cancer via the Internet: A feasibility study. Cancer Nursing, 31, 370-379.

Capitulo, K. L. (2004). Perinatal grief online. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 29, 305-311.

Carlbring, P., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Waara, J., Kollenstam, C.,  Buhrman, M., Kaldo, V.,  Marie Söderberg, M., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2005). Treatment of panic disorder: Live therapy vs. self-help via the Internet. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1321–1333.

Carlini, B. H., Ronzani, T. M., Martins, L. F., Gomide, H. P., & de Souza, I. C. W. (2012). Demand for and availability of online support to stop smoking. Revista de Saude Publica, 46, 1074-1081.

Carron-Arthur, B., Cunningham, J. A., & Griffiths, K. M. (2014). Describing the distribution of engagement in an Internet support group by post frequency: A comparison of the 90-9-1 Principle and Zipf's Law. Internet Interventions, 1, 165-168.

Cavaglion, G. (2008). Voices of coping in an Italian self-help virtual community of cyberporn dependents. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11, 599-601.

Cavaglion, G. (2009). Cyber-porn dependence: Voices of distress in an Italian Internet self-help community. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 7, 295-310.

Celio, A. A., Winzelberg, A. J., Dev, P., & Taylor, C. B. (2002). Improving compliance in on-line, structured self-help programs: Evaluation of an eating disorder prevention program. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 8, 14-20.

Chang, H.-J. (2009). Online supportive interactions: Using a network approach to examine communication patterns within a psychosis social support group in Taiwan. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60, 1504-1518.

Chang, T. (2005). Online counseling: Prioritizing psychoeducation, self-help, and mutual help for counseling psychology research and practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 881-890.

Chang, T., Yeh, C. J., & Krumboltz, J. D. (2001). Process and outcome evaluation of an on-line support group for Asian American male college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 319-329.

Chen, A. T. (2012). Exploring online support spaces: Using cluster analysis to  examine breast cancer, diabetes and fibromyalgia support groups. Patient  Education and Counseling, 87, 250-257.

Chen, W., & Choi, A. S. K. (2011). Internet and social support among Chinese migrants in Singapore. New Media & Society, 13, 1067-1084.

Cho, J., Smith, K. C., Roter, D., Guallar, E., Noh, D.-Y., & Ford, D. E. (2011). Needs of women with breast cancer as communicated to physicians on the Internet. Supportive Care in Cancer, 19, 113-121.

Chung, J. E. (2014). Social networking in online support groups for health: How online social networking benefits patients. Journal of Health Communication, 19, 639-659.

Klaw, E., Huebsch, P. D., & Humphreys, K. (2000). Communication patterns in an on-line mutual help group for problem drinkers. Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 535-546.

Chung, J. E. (2013). Social interaction in online support groups: Preference for online social interaction over offline social interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1408-1414.

Clifford, T., & Minnes, P. (2013). Logging on: Evaluating an online support group for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 1662-1675.

Cobb, N. K., Graham, A. L., & Abrams, D. B. (2010). Social network structure of a large online community for smoking cessation. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 1282-1289.

Collins, L. H. (2007). Practicing safer listserv use: Ethical use of an invaluable resource. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 690-698.

Collis, B., Winnips, K., & Moonen, J. (2000). Structured support versus learner choice via the World Wide Web (WWW): Where is the payoff? Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 11, 131-162. 

Colòn, Y. (1996). The public forum, chatt(er)ing through the fingertips: doing group therapy online. Woman and Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory, 17, 205-215.

Constantino, R., Crane, P. A., Noll, B. S., Doswell, W. M., & Braxter, B. (2007). Exploring the feasibility of email-mediated interaction in survivors of abuse. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 14, 291-301.

Coulson, N. S. (2005). Receiving social support online: An analysis of a computer-mediated support group for individuals living with irritable Bowel syndrome. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8, 580-584.

Coulson, N. S., Buchanan, H., & Aubeeluck, A.( 2007). Social support in cyberspace: A content analysis of communication within a Huntington's disease online support group. Patient Education and Counseling, 68, 173-178.

Coulson, N. S., & Knibb, R. C. (2007). Coping with food allergy: Exploring the role of the online support group. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10, 145-148.

Coulson, N. S., & Shaw, R. L. (2013). Nurturing health-related online support groups: Exploring the experiences of patient moderators. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1695-1701.

Coursaris, C. K., & Liu, M. (2009). An analysis of social support exchanges in online HIV/AIDS self-help groups. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 911-918.

Cousineau, T. M., Green, T. C., Corsini, E., Seibring, A., Showstack, M. T., Applegarth, L., Davidson, M., & Perloe, M. (2008). Online psychoeducational support for infertile women: A randomized controlled trial. Human Reproduction, 23, 554-566.

Cousineau, T. M., Rancourt, D., & Craig Green, T. (2006). Web chatter before and after the women’s health initiative results: A content analysis of on-line menopause message boards. Journal of Health Communication, 11, 133-147.

Cummings, J. N., Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. B. (2002). Beyond hearing: Where the real-world and online support meet. Group Dynamics, 6, 78-88.

Cunningham, J. A., Humphreys, K., Koski-Jännes, A., & Cordingley, J. (2005). Internet and paper self-help materials for problem drinking: Is there an additive effect? Addictive Behaviors, 30, 1517-1523.

Cunningham, J. A., van Mierlo, T., & Fournier, R. (2008). An online support group for problem drinkers: AlcoholHelpCenter.net. Patient Education and Counseling, 70, 193-198.

Cupit, I. N., Sofka, C. J., & Gilbert, K. R. (2012). Dying, death and grief in a technological world: Implications for now and speculations about the future. In C. J. Sofka, I. N. Cupit, and K. R. Gilbert (Eds.), Dying, death and grief in an online universe (pp. 235-246). New York, NY: Springer.

Curry, J., & Ray, S. (2010). Starving for support: How women with anorexia receive "Thinspiration" on the Internet. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 5, 358-373.

D’Amato, G., Cecchi, L., Liccardi, G., Pellegrino, F., D’Amato, M., & Sofia, M. (2012). Social networks: A new source of psychological stress or a way to enhance self-esteem? Negative and positive implications in bronchial asthma. Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 22, 402-405.

Darcy, A. M. & Dooley, B. (2007). A clinical profile of participants in an online support group. European Eating Disorders Review, 15, 185-195.

Davidson, J. (2008). Autistic culture online: Virtual communication and cultural expression on the spectrum. Social & Cultural Geography, 9, 791-806.

Davison, K. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Virtual narratives: Illness representation in online support groups. In K. J. Petrie & J. A. Weinman (Eds.), Perceptions of health and illness: Current research and applications (pp. 463-486). London, UK: Harwood.

Davison, K. P., Pennebaker, J. W., & Dickerson, S. S. (2000). Who talks? The social psychology of illness support groups. American Psychologist, 55, 205-217.

DeAndrea, D. C., & Anthony, J. C. (2013). Online peer support for mental health problems in the United States: 2004–2010. Psychological Medicine, 43, 2277-2288.

DeBar, L. L., Dickerson, J., Clarke, G., Stevens, V. J., Ritenbaugh, C., & Aickin, M. (2009). Using a website to build community and enhance outcomes in a group, multi-component intervention promoting healthy diet and exercise in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34, 539-550.

Deitz, D. K., Cook, R. F., Billings, D. W., & Hendrickson, A. (2009). A web-based mental health program: Reaching parents at work. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34, 488-494.

De la Torre-Diez, I., Diaz-Pernas, F. J., & Anton-Rodriguez, M. (2012). A content analysis of chronic diseases social groups on Facebook and Twitter. Telemedicine and e-Health, 18, 404-408.

De Vries, B., & Moldaw, S. (2012). Virtual memorials and cyber funerals: Contemporary expressions of ageless experiences. In C. J. Sofka, I. N. Cupit, and K. R. Gilbert (Eds.), Dying, death and grief in an online universe (pp. 135-148). New York, NY: Springer.

Donovan, E. E., LeFebvre, L., Tardif, S., Brown, L. E., & Love, B. (2014). Patterns of social support communicated in response to expressions of uncertainty in an online community of young adults with cancer. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 42, 432-455.

Drentea, P., & Moren-Cross, J. L. (2005). Social capital and social support on the web: The case of an Internet mother site. Sociology of Health & Illness, 27, 920-943.

Drost, L. M., & Schippers, G. M. (2015). Online support for children of parents suffering from mental illness: A case study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 20, 53-67.

Dunham, P. J., Hurshman, A., Litwin, E., Gusella, J.,  Ellsworth, C., & Dodd, P. W. D. (1998). Computer-mediated social support: Single young mothers as a model system. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26, 281-307.

Dupuis, E. C., & Ramsey, M. A. (2011). The relation of social support to depression in massively multiplayer online role-playing games. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 2479-2491.

Dutta, M. J., & Feng, H. (2007). Health orientation and disease state as predictors of online health support group use. Health Communication, 22, 181-189.

Edelmann, N. (2013). Reviewing the definitions of ‘‘Lurkers’’ and some implications for online research. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 645-649.

Eden, S., & Heiman, T. (2011). Computer mediated communication: Social support for students with and without learning disabilities. Educational Technology & Society, 14, 89-97.

Ellis, L., Campbell, A. J., Sethi, S., & O’Dea, B. M. (2011). Comparative randomized trial of an online cognitive-behavioral therapy program and an online support group for depression and anxiety. Journal of CyberTherapy & Rehabilitation, 4, 461-467.

Elwyn, G., Kreuwel, I., Durand, M. A., Sivell, S., Joseph-Williams, N., Evans, R., &  Edwards, A. (2011). How to develop web-based decision support interventions for patients: A process map. Patient Education and Counseling, 82, 260-265.

Epstein, Y. M., Rosenberg, H. S., Grant, T. V., & Hemenway, N. (2002). Use of the Internet as the only outlet for talking about infertility. Fertility and Sterility, 78, 507-514.

Erera, P., & Baum, N. ( 2009). Chat-room voices of divorced non-residential fathers. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 36, 63-83.

Eriksson, H., & Salzmann-Erikson, M. (2013). Supporting a caring fatherhood in cyberspace – An analysis of communication about caring within an online forum for fathers. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27, 63-69.

Evans, M., Donelle, L., & Hume-Loveland, L. (2012). Social support and online postpartum depression discussion groups: A content analysis. Patient  Education and Counseling, 87, 405-410.

Ewing, L. J., Long, K., Rotondi, A., Howe, C., Bill, L., & Marsland, A. L. (2009). A pilot study of a web-based resource for families of children with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34, 523-529.

Eysenbach, G., Powell, J., Englesakis, M., Rizo, C., & Stern, A. (2004). Health related virtual communities and electronic support group: Systematic review of the effects of online peer to peer interactions. British Medical Journal, 328, 1166-1171.

Feigelman, W., Gorman, B. S., Chastain Beal, K., & Jordan, J. R. (2008). Internet support groups for suicide survivors: A new mode for gaining bereavement assistance. Omega, 57, 217-243.

Feil, E. G., Baggett, K. M., Davis, B., Sheeber, L., Landry, S., Carta, J. J., & Buzhardt, J. (2008). Expanding the reach of preventive interventions: Development of an Internet-based training for parents of infants. Child Maltreatment, 13, 334-346.

Feldman, M. D. (2000). Munchausen by Internet: Detecting factitious illness and crisis on the Internet. Southern Medical Journal, 93, 669-672.

Feng, B., & Hyun, M. J. (2012). The influence of friends’ instant messenger status on individuals’ coping and support-seeking. Communication Studies, 63, 536-553.

Finn, J. (1994). Computer-based self-help groups for sexual abuse survivors. Social Work with Group, 17, 21-47.

Finn, J. (1995). Computer-based self-help groups: A new resource to supplement support groups. Social Work with Groups, 18, 109-117. 

Finn, J. (1999). An exploration of helping processes in an online self-help group focusing on issues of disability. Health and Social Work, 24, 220-231. 

Finn, J., & Branch, M. (2000). Victimization online: The down side of seeking human services for woman on the Internet. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3, 243-254.

Finn, J., & Steele, T. (2010). Online self-help/mutual aid groups in mental health practice. In L. D. Brown (Ed.), Mental health self-help: Consumer and family initiatives (pp. 87-105). New York: Springer.

Finfgeld, D. L. (2000). Therapeutic groups online: The good, the bad, and the unknown. Issues in Mental health Nursing, 21, 241-255.

Fleischmann, A. (2005). The hero's story and autism: Grounded theory study of websites for parents of children with autism. Autism, 9, 299-316.

Fogel, J., Albert, S. M., Schnabel, F., Ditkoff, B. A., & Neugut, A. I. (2002). Internet use and social support in women with breast cancer. Health Psychology, 21, 398-404.

Fogel, J., Albert, S. M., Schnabel, F., Ditkoff, A. B., & Neugut, A. I. (2003). Racial/ethnic differences and potential psychological benefits in use of the Internet by women with breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 12, 107-117.

Fogel, S. C. (1998). HIV- Related Internet news as professional and social support tools. Health Care on the Internet, 2 , 79-90.

Freeman, E., Barker, C., & Pistrang, N. (2008). Outcome of an online mutual support group for college students with psychological problems. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11, 591-593.

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