Internet Social Research Methodology & Ethics

Adair, C. E., Marcoux, G., Williams, A., & Reimer, M. (2006). The Internet as a source of data to support the development of a quality-of-life measure for eating disorders. Qualitative Health Research, 16, 538-546.

Aguinis, H., & Lawal, S. O. (2012). Conducting field experiments using eLancing's natural environment. Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 493-505.

Akman, I., & Mishra, A. (2009). Ethical behavior issues in software use: An analysis of public and private sectors. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 1251-1257.

Anandarajan, M., Paravastu, N., Caiib, N. C., & Simmers, C. A. (2006). Perceptions of personal Web usage in the workplace: AQ-methodology approach. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9, 325-335.

Andrews, D., Nonnecke, B., & Preece, J. (2003). Electronic survey methodology: A case study in reaching hard-to-involve internet users. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 16, 185-210.

Anstadt, S., Bradley, S., & Burnette, A. (2013). Virtual worlds: In-world survey methodological considerations. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 31, 156-174.

Arestova, O., Babanin, L., & Voiskounsky, A. (1999). Psychological research of computer-mediated communication in Russia. Behavior & Information Technology, 18, 141-147.

Asan, Z., & Ayhan, H. O. (2013). Sampling frame coverage and domain adjustment procedures for Internet surveys. Quality & Quantity, 47, 3031-3042.

Aust, F., Diedenhofen, B., Ullrich, S., & Musch, J. (2013). Seriousness checks are useful to improve data validity in online research. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 527-535.

Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: Virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, 22, 57-74.

Bälter, K. A., Bälter, O., Fondell, E., & Lagerros, Y. T. (2005). Web-based and mailed questionnaires: A comparison of response rates and compliance. Epidemiology, 16, 577-579.

Bandilla, W. (2002). Web surveys - An appropriate mode of data collection for the social sciences? In B. Batinic, U. D. Reips & M. Bosnjak (Eds.), Online social sciences (pp. 1-6). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.

Barchard, K. A., & Williams, J. (2008). Practical advice for conducting ethical online experiments and questionnaires for United States psychologists. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 1111-1128.

Barnes, S. B. (2003). Issuse of attribution and identification in online social research, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online social research (pp. 203-222). New York: Peter Lang.

Barry, D. T. (2001). Assessing culture via the Internet: Methods and techniques for psychological research. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4, 17-21.

Bassett, E. H., & O’Riordan, K. (2002). Ethics of Internet research: Contesting the human subjects research model. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 233-247.

Bauermeister, J. A., Pingel, E., Zimmerman, M., Couper, M., Carballo-Diéguez, A., & Strecher, V. J. (2012). Data quality in HIV/AIDS Web-based surveys: Handling invalid and suspicious data. Field Methods, 24, 272-291.

Baym, N. K. (2005). Introduction: Internet research as it isn’t, is, could be, and should be. The Information Society, 21, 229-239.

Baym, N. K. (2009). Question six: What constitutes quality in qualitative Internet research? In, A. N. Markham, N. K. Baym (Eds.), Internet inquiry: Conversations about method (pp. 173-189). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Beck, C. T. (2005). Benefits of participating in Internet interviews: Women helping women. Qualitative Health Research, 15, 411-422.

Behr, D., Kaczmirek, L., Bandilla, W., & Braun, M. (2012). Asking probing questions in web surveys: Which factors have an impact on the quality of responses? Social Science Computer Review, 30, 487-498.

Beidernikl, G., & Kerschbaumer, A. (2007). Sampling in online surveys. In R. A. Reynolds, R. Woods, & J. D. Baker (Eds.), Handbook of research on electronic surveys and measurements (pp. 90-96). Hershey, PA: Idea Group.

Beidernikl, G., & Kerschbaumer, A. (2007). Comparison of online surveys tools. In R. A. Reynolds, R. Woods, & J. D. Baker (Eds.), Handbook of research on electronic surveys and measurements (pp. 264-268). Hershey, PA: Idea Group.

Beneito-Montagut, R. (2011). Ethnography goes online: Towards a user-centred methodology to research interpersonal communication on the internet. Qualitative Research, 11, 716–735.

Bennett, L., & Nair, C. S. (2010). A recipe for effective participation rates for web based surveys. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 35, 357- 365.

Berland, J. (2000). Cultural technologies and the “evaluation” of technological cultures. In A. Herman & T. Swiss, (Eds.), The World Wide Web and contemporary cultural theory (pp.235-258). New York : Routledge.

Best, S. J., & Kruger, B. (2002). New approaches to assessing opinion: The prospects for electronic mail surveys. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14, 73-92.

Best, S. J., Krueger, B., Hubbard, C., & Smith, A. (2001). An assessment of the generalizability of Internet surveys. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 131-145.

Bhutta, C. B. (2012). Not by the book: Facebook as a sampling frame. Sociological Methods & Research, 41, 57-88.

Biddix, J. P., Chung, C. J., & Park, H. W. (2011). Convenience or credibility? A study of college student online research behaviors. Internet and Higher Education, 14, 175-182.

Birnbaum, M. H. (2004). Human research and data collection via the Internet. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 803-832.

Birnbaum, M. H. (2007). Designing Internet-based expriments. In A. Joinson, K. McKenna, T. Postmes & U. Reips (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Internet psychology (pp. 391-404). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Birnbaum, M. H. (2010). An overview of major techniques of web-based research. In: S. D. Gosling & J. A. Johnson (Eds.), Advanced methods for conducting online behavioral research (pp. 9-25). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Bjerke, T. N. (2010). When my eyes bring pain to my soul, and vice versa: Facing preconceptions in email and face-to-face interviews. Qualitative Health Research, 20, 1717-1724.

Bland, P. H., Laderach, G. E., & Meyer, C. R. (2007). A Web-based interface for communication of data between the clinical and research environments without revealing identifying information. Academic Radiology, 14, 757-764.

Blank, G., & Reisdorf, B. C. (2012). The participatory web. Information, Communication & Society, 15, 537-554.

Boker, S. M., & Crowell, C. R. (2004).  Proposal for the creation of a Web-based heterogeneous distributed archive for psychological data. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 36, 670-677.

Börkan, B. (2010). The mode effect in mixed-mode surveys mail and web surveys. Social Science Computer Review, 28, 371-380.

Bosnjak, M., & Batinic, B. (2002). Understanding the willingness to participate in online surveys - The case of e-mail questionnaires. In B. Batinic, U. D. Reips & M. Bosnjak (Eds.), Online social sciences (pp. 81-92). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.

Bosnjak, M., & Tuten, T. L. (2003). Prepaid and promised incentives in Web surveys: An experiment. Social Science Computer Review, 21, 208-217.

Bosnjak, M., Tuten, T. L., & Wittman, W. W. (2005). Unit (non)response in Web-based access panel surveys: An extended planned-behavior approach. Psychology & Marketing, 22, 489-505.

Bouman, M. P. A., Drossaert, C. H. C., & Pieterse, M. E. (2012). Mark my words: The design of an innovative methodology to detect and analyze interpersonal health conversations in web and social media. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 30, 312-326.

Bowen, A. M., Daniel, C. M., Williams, M. L., & Baird, G. L. (2008). Identifying multiple submissions in Internet research: Preserving data integrity. AIDS Behavior, 12, 964-973.

Bowker, N., & Tuffin, K. (2004). Using the online medium for discursive research about people with disabilities. Social Science Computer Review, 22, 228-241.

Bracken, C. C., Jeffres, L. W., Neuendorf, K. A., & Atkin, D. (2009). Parameter estimation validity and relationship robustness: A comparison of telephone and Internet survey techniques. Telematics and Informatics, 26, 144-155.

Bradley, S. K., & Carter, B. (2012). Reflections on the ethics of Internet newsgroup research. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49, 625-630.

Brand, A., & Bradley, M. T. (2012). Assessing the effects of technical variance on the statistical outcomes of web experiments measuring response times. Social Science Computer Review, 30, 350-357.

Braunsberger, K., Wybenga, H., & Gates, R. (2007). A comparison of reliability between telephone and Web-based surveys. Journal of Business Research, 60, 758-764.

Bredl, K., Hunniger, J., & Jensen, J. L. (2012). Methods for analyzing social media: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 30, 141-144.

Brenner, V. (2002). Generalizability issues in Internet-based survey research: Implications for the Internet addiction controversy. In B. Batinic, U. D. Reips & M. Bosnjak (Eds.), Online social sciences (pp. 93-113). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.

Breznyak, M. (1999). Presenting psychology research on the Internet: Obstacles and opportunities. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 31, 281-286.

Britt, M. A., & Gabrys, G. (2004). Collecting responses through Web page drag and drop. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 52-68.

Brown, T. L. (2003). Internet-based research: Is it a viable strategy for increasing the representation of ethnic minorities in psychological research? Individual Differences Research, 1, 218-229.

Brownlow, C., & O’Dell, L. (2002). Ethical issues for qualitative research in on-line communities. Disability & Society, 17, 685-694.

Bruckman, A. (2002). Studying the amateur artist: A perspective on disguising data collected in human subjects research on the Internet. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 217-231.

Bruckman, A. S. (2003). Introduction: Opportunities and challenges in methodology and ethics, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online social research (pp. 101-104). New Work: Peter Lang.

Buchanan, E. A. (2000). Ethics, qualitative research and ethnography in virtual space. Journal of Information Ethics, 9, 82-87.

Buchanan, E. A., & Hvizdak, E. E. (2009). Online survey tools: Ethical and methodological concerns of human research ethics committees. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 4, 37-48.

Buchanan, T. ( 2000). Potential of the Internet for personality research. In M. H. Birnbaum, (Ed.), Psychological experiments on the Internet (pp. 121-265). San Diego, CA.: Academic Press.

Buchanan, T. (2000). Internet research: Self-monitoring and judgments of attractiveness. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 32, 521-527.

Buchanan, T., & Williams, J. E. (2010). Ethical issues in psychological research on the Internet. In: S. D. Gosling & J. A. Johnson, (Eds.), Advanced methods for conducting online behavioral research (pp. 255-271). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Buchanan, T., & Smith, J. L. (1999). Research on the Internet: Validation of the World-Wide Web mediated personality scale. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 31, 565-571.

Buchanan, T., & Smith, J. L. (1999). Using the Internet for psychological research: Personality testing on the World Wide Web. British Journal of Psychology, 90, 125-144.

Bull, S. S., Vallejos, D., Levine, D., & Ortiz, C. (2008). Improving recruitment and retention for an online randomized controlled trial: Experience from the Youthnet study. AIDS Care, 20, 887-893.

Callaghan, D. E., Graff, M. G., & Davies, J. (2013). Revealing all: Misleading self-disclosure rates in laboratory-based online research. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 690-694.

Capurro, R., & Pingel, C. (2002). Ethical issues of online communication research. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 189-194.

Carlson, S., & Anderson, B. (2007). What are data? The many kinds of data and their implications for data re-use. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 635-651.

Casler, K., Bickel, L., & Hackett, E. (2013). Separate but equal? A comparison of participants and data gathered via Amazon’s MTurk, social media, and face-to-face behavioral testing. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2156-2160.

Chang, L., & Krosnick, J. A. (2009). National surveys via rdd telephone interviewing versus the Internet comparing sample representativeness and response quality. Public Opinion Quarterly, 73, 641-678.

Caro, F. G., Ho, T., McFadden, D., Gottlieb, A. S., Yee, C., Chan, T., & Winter, J. (2012). Using the Internet to administer more realistic vignette experiments. Social Science Computer Review, 30, 184-201.

Casey, T. W., & Poropat, A. (2013). Beauty is more than screen deep: Improving the web survey respondent experience through socially-present and aesthetically-pleasing user interfaces. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 153-163.

Catterall, M., & Maclaran, P. (2002). Researching consumers in virtual worlds: A cyberspace odyssey. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 1, 228-237.

Chen, G. D., Ou. K. L., Liu, C. C., & Liu, B. J. (2001). Intervention and strategy analysis for Web group learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 17, 58-71.

Chen, S. S., Christians, C. G. (2003). Introduction: Technological enviroments and the evolution of social research methods, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online social research (pp. 15-24). New Work: Peter Lang.

Chesney, T. (2006). The effect of communication medium on research participation decisions. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 877-883.

Chiasson, M. A., Parsons, J. T., Tesoriero, J. M., Carballo-Dieguez, A., Hirshfield, S., & Remien, R. H. (2006). HIV behavioral research online. Journal of Urban Health, 83, 73-85.

Childress, C. A., & Asamen, J. K. (1998). The emerging relationship of psychology and the Internet: Proposed guidelines for conducting Internet intervention research. Ethics & Behavior, 8, 19-35.

Cho, H., & LaRose, R. (1999). Privacy issues in Internet surveys. Social Science Computer Review, 17, 421-434.

Chow, Y. W., Treasure, T., & Gallivan, S. (2007). Can the Internet be used to collect clinical data for research? Health Informatics Journal, 10, 77-82.

Clegg Smith, K. M. (2003). “Electronic eavesdropping”: The ethical issues involved in conducting a virtual ethnograpy, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online social research (pp. 223-238). New Work: Peter Lang.

Cobanoglu, C., & Cobanoglu, N. (2003). The effect of incentives in web surveys: Application and ethical considerations. International Journal of Market Research, 45, 475-488.

Coderre, F., Mathieu, A., & St-Laurent, N. (2004). Comparison of the quality of qualitative data obtained through telephone, postal and email surveys. International Journal of Marketing Research, 46, 347-357.

Cole, Z. D., Donohoe, H. M., & Stellefson, M. L. (2013). Internet-based Delphi research: Case based discussion. Environmental Management, 51, 511-523.

Connor-Greene, P. A., & Greene, D. J. (2002). Science or snake oil? Teaching critical evaluation of “research” reports on the Internet. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 321-324.

Converse, P. D., Wolfe, E. W., Huang, X., & Oswald, F. L. (2008). Response rates for mixed-mode surveys using mail and e-mail/web. American Journal of Evaluation, 29, 99-107.

Cook, C. (2012). Email interviewing: Generating data with a vulnerable population. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 86, 1330-1339.

Cook, C., Heath, F., & Thompson, R. L. (2000). A meta-analysis of response rates in Web- or Internet-based surveys. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60, 821-836.

Cooper, A., Scherer, C., & Mathy, R. M. (2001). Overcoming methodological concerns in the investigating of online sexual activities. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4, 437-447.

Cotton, A. H. (2003-2004). Ensnaring webs and nets: ethical issues in Internet-based research. Contemporary Nurse, 16, 114-123.

Couper, M. P. (2005). Technology trends in survey data collection. Social Science Computer Review, 23, 486-501.

Couper, M. P. (2007). Issues of representation in eHealth research (with a focus on Web surveys). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32, 83-89.

Couper, M. P., Kapteyn, A., Schonlau, M., & Winter, J. (2007). Noncoverage and nonresponse in an Internet survey. Social Science Research, 36, 131-148.

Couper, M. P., Tourangeau, R., Conrad, F. G., & Crawford, S. D. (2004). What they see is what we get: Response options for Web surveys. Social Science Computer Review, 22, 111-127.

Coutts, E., & Jann, B. (2011). Sensitive questions in online surveys: Experimental results for the randomized response technique (RRT) and the unmatched count technique (UCT). Sociological Methods & Research, 40, 169-193.

Crasborn, O. (2010). What does “informed consent” mean in the Internet age? publishing sign language corpora as open content. Sign Language Studies, 10, 276-290.

Crawford, S. (2002). Evaluation of Web survey data collection systems. Field Methods, 14, 307-321.

Crawford, S. D., Couper, M. P., & Lamias, M. J. (2001). Web Surveys: Perceptions of burden. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 146-162.

Crawford, S., McCabe, S. E., & Pope, D. (2005). Applying Web-based survey design standards. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 29, 43-66.

Crutzen, R., & Göritz, A. S. (2011). Does social desirability compromise self-reports of physical activity in web-based research? Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8, 2-4.

Cunningham, J. A. (2012). Using Twitter to measure behavior patterns. Epidemiology, 23, 764-765.

Cunningham, J. A., & van Mierlo, T. (2009). Methodological issues in the evaluation of Internet-based interventions for problem drinking. Drug & Alcohol Review, 28, 12-17.

Cupit, I. N. (2012). Research in thanatechnology. In C. J. Sofka, I. N. Cupit, and K. R. Gilbert (Eds.), Dying, death and grief in an online universe (pp. 198-214). New York, NY: Springer.

Daley, E. M., McDermott, R. J., McCormack Brown, K. R., & Kittleson, M. J. (2003). Conducting Web-based survey research: A lesson in internet designs. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27, 116-124.

Dandurand, F., Shultz, T. R., & Onishi, K. H. (2008). Comparing online and lab methods in a problem-solving experiment. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 428-434.

Danaher, B. G., & Seeley, J. R. (2009). Methodological issues in research on web-based behavioral interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine ,38, 28-39.

Davey, Z., Schifano, F., Corazza, O., & Deluca, P. (2012). E-Psychonauts: Conducting research in online drug forum communities. Journal of Mental Health, 21, 386-394.

Davis, M., Bolding, G., Hart, G., Sherr, L., & Elford, J. (2004). Reflecting on the experience of interviewing online: Perspectives from the Internet and HIV study in London. AIDS Care, 16, 944-952.

Dawson, L. L. (2000). Researching religion in cyberspace: Issues and strategies. In J. K. Hadden & D. E. Cowan (Eds.), Religion on the Internet: Research prospects and promises (pp. 25-54). New York: Elsvier.

Dawson, P. (2014). Our anonymous online research participants are not always anonymous: Is this a problem? British Journal of Educational Technology, 45, 428-437.

Deakin, H., & Wakefield, K. (2013). Skype interviewing: Reflections of two PhD researchers. Qualitative Research, 14, 603-616.

Dean, E., Cook, S., Murphy, J., & Keating, M. (2012). The effectiveness of survey recruitment methods in second life. Social Science Computer Review, 30, 324-338.

de Bruijne, M., & Wijnant, A. (2013). Comparing survey results obtained via mobile devices and computers: An experiment with a mobile web survey on a heterogeneous group of mobile devices versus a computer-assisted web survey. Social Science Computer Review, 31, 482-504.

de Leeuw, E. D., & Hox, J. J. (2011). Internet surveys as part of a mixed-mode design. In M. Das, P. Ester, & L. Kaczmirek (Eds.), Social and behavioral research and the Internet (pp. 45-76) New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.

DeLorme, D. E., Zinkhan, G. M., & French, W. (2001). Ethics and the Internet: Issues associated with qualitative research. Journal of Business Ethics, 33, 271-286.

Denissen, J. J. A., Neumann, L., & van Zalk, M. (2010). How the Internet is changing the implementation of traditional research methods, people’s daily lives, and the way in which developmental scientists conduct research. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34, 564-575.

Denzin, N. K. (2003). Prologue: Online enviroments and interpretive social research, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online social research (pp. 1-14). New Work: Peter Lang.

DeRouvray, C., & Couper, M. (2002). Designing a strategy for reducing “no opinion” responses in web-based surveys. Social Science Computer Review, 20, 3-9.

Deutskens, E., De Ruyter, K., & Wetzels, M. (2006). An assessment of equivalence between online and mail surveys in service research. Journal of Service Research, 8, 346-355.

Deutskens, E., De Ruyter, K., Wetzels, M., & Oosterveld, P. (2004). Response rate and response quality for Internet-based surveys: An experimental study. Marketing Letters, 15, 21-36.

Dickinger, A., & Stangl, B. (2013). Website performance and behavioral consequences: A formative measurement approach. Journal of Business Research, 66, 771-777.

Dillman, D. A., & Bowker, D. K. (2001). The Web questionnaire challenge to survey methodologists. In. U. D. Reips & M. Bosnjak (Eds.), Dimensions of Internet science  (pp. 159-178). Lengerich, Germany: Pabst Science Publishers.

Dillman, D. A., Phelps, G., Tortora, R., Swift, K., Kohrell, J., Berck, J., & Messer, B. L. (2009). Response rate and measurement differences in mixed-mode surveys using mail, telephone, interactive voice response (IVR) and the Internet. Social Science Research, 38, 1-18.

DiNitto, D. M., Busch-Armendariz, N. B., Bender, K., Woo, H., Tackett-Gibson, M., & Dyer, J. (2008). Testing telephone and web surveys for studying men’s sexual assault perpetration behaviors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1483-1493.

Döring, N. (2002). Studying online love and cyber romance. In B. Batinic, U. D. Reips & M. Bosnjak (Eds.), Online social sciences (pp. 333-356). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.

Duncan, D. F., White, J. B., & Nicholson, T. (2003). Using Internet-based surveys to reach hidden populations: Case of nonabusive illicit drug users. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27, 208-218.

Dunning, K., & LeMasters, G. K. (2009). Optimum survey methods when interviewing employed women. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 52, 105-112.

D'Urso, S. C. (2009). The past, present, and future of human communication and technology research: An introduction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 708-713.

Dykema, J., Stevenson, J., Klein, L., Kim, Y., & Day, B. (2013). Effects of e-mailed versus mailed invitations and incentives on response rates, data quality, and costs in a web survey of university faculty. Social Science Computer Review, 31, 359-370.

Eastham, L. A. (2011). Research using blogs for data: Public documents or private musings? Research in Nursing & Health, 34, 353-361.

Eaton, J., & Struthers, C. W. (2002). Using the Internet for organizational research: A study of cyncism in the workplace. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 5, 305-313.

Egan, J., Chenoweth, L., & McAuliffe, D. (2006). Email-facilitated qualitative interviews with traumatic brain injury survivors: A new and accessible method. Brain Injury, 20, 1283-1294.

Ekman, A., Dickman, P. W., Klint, A., Weiderpass, E., & Litton, J. (2006). Feasibility of using Web-based questionnaires in large population-based epidemiological studies .European Journal of Epidemiology, 21, 103-111.

Eichhorn, K. (2001). Sites unseen: Ethnographic research in a textual community. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 14, 565-578.

Elford, J., Bolding, G., Davis, M., Sherr, L., & Hart, G. (2004). The Internet and HIV study: Design and methods. BMC Public Health, 4, 39.

Elgesem, D. (2002). What is special about the ethical issues in online research? Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 195-203.

Elovici, Y., Fire, M., Herzberg, A., & Shulman, H. (2013). Ethical considerations when employing fake identities in online social networks for research. Science and Engineering Ethics, 20, 1027-1043.

Englis, B. G., Solomon, M. R., & Danskin, P. (2005). Web-based consumer research. In C. P. Haugtvedt,  K. A. Machleit, & R. F. Yalch (EdS.), Online consumer psychology: Understanding and influencing consumer behavior in the virtual world (pp. 491-509). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Epstein, J., & Klinkenberg, W. D. (2002). Collecting data via the Internet: The development and deployment of a web-based survey. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 19(2/3), 33-47.

Epstein, J., Klinkenberg, W. D., Wiley, D., & McKinley, L. (2001). Insuring sample equivalence across Internet and paper-and-pencil assessments. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 339-346.

Ess, C. (2007). Internet research ethics. In A. Joinson, K. McKenna, T. Postmes & U. Reips (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Internet psychology (pp. 487-502). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Eynon, R., Schroeder, R., & Fry, J. (2009). New techniques in online research: Challenges for research ethics. Twenty-First Century Society, 4, 187-199.

Fan, W., & Yan, Z. (2010). Factors affecting response rates of the web survey: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 132-139.

Fang, J., Shao, P., & Lan, G. (2009). Effects of innovativeness and trust on web survey participation. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 144-152.

Fang, J., Wen, C., & Pavur, R. (2012). Participation willingness in web surveys: Exploring effect of sponsoring corporation’s and survey provider’s reputation. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15, 195-199.

Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2005). IRT-Related factor analytic procedures for testing the equivalence of paper-and-pencil and Internet-administered questionnaires. Psychological Methods, 10, 193-205.

Farrell, D., & Petersen, J. C. (2010). The growth of Internet research methods and the reluctant sociologist. Sociological Inquiry, 80, 114-125.

Fleitas, J. (1998). Spinning tales from the World Wide Web: Qualitative research in an electronic environment.. Qualitative Health Research, 8, 283-292.

Flicker, S., Haans, D., & Skinner, H. (2004). Ethical dilemmas in research on Internet communities. Qualitative Health Research, 14, 124-134.

Fox, F. E., Morris, M., & Rumsey, N. (2007). Doing synchronous online focus groups with young people: methodological reflections. Qualitative Health Research, 17, 539-547.

Fraley, R. C. (2007). Using the Internet for personality research: What can be done, how to do it, and some concerns. In R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. F. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 130-148). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fricker, R. D., & Schonlau, M. (2002). Advantages and disadvantages of Internet research surveys: Evidence from the literature. Field Methods, 14, 347-367.

Fritsche, I., & Linneweber, V. (2006). Nonreactive methods in psychological research, In M. Eid & E. D. Diener (Eds.), Handbook of multimethod measurement in psychology (pp. 189-203). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.

Fu, K.-W., & Chan, C.-H. (2013). Analyzing online sentiment to predict telephone poll results. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 702-707.

Fulk, J., & Gould, J. J. (2009). Features and contexts in technology research: A modest proposal for research and reporting. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 764-770.

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